Ko te kakahu e whakamahia whānuitia anapapanga rarangaKo te whatu he āhua porowhita, e hangaia ai te miro mā te whakarara o te roa me te whānui. Ko tōna whakaritenga whānui he toru ngā momo: te papatahi, te miro-kore me te miro hātene, me ō rātou whakaritenga e rerekē ana (i ēnei rā, nā te whakamahinga o te whatu kore-porowhita, kāore te whatu o aua papanga e whakamahi i te āhua porowhita, engari he whatu porowhita tonu te papanga). Mai i te wāhanga o te papanga miro, te papanga hiraka, te papanga huruhuru hipi, te papanga rinena, te papanga muka matū me ō rātou papanga whakaranu me te whatu, ko te whakamahinga o ngā papanga whatu i roto i ngā kākahu ahakoa he momo, he rahinga whakaputa rānei. Nā te rerekētanga o te momo, te hangarau, te momo me ētahi atu āhuatanga, he nui ngā rerekētanga o te tukanga tukatuka me ngā tikanga tukatuka. Ko ngā mōhiotanga taketake o te tukatuka kākahu whatu whānui tēnei.
(1) Te tukanga hanga kākahu whatu
Ka whakamahia ngā rauemi mata ki te hangarau tirotiro wheketere, ka tapahia, ka tuituihia hoki te pātene kōhao kī, ka whakahāngai i te kakahu, ka tirotirohia, ka rongoatia rānei te takai.
I muri i te urunga o te papanga ki te wheketere, me tirotiro te tatau rahinga me te āhua me te kounga o roto. Mēnā ka tutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakaputa, ka taea te whakamahi. I mua i te whakaputanga papatipu, me whakahaere tuatahi te whakaritenga hangarau, tae atu ki te hanga i te pepa tukanga, te pereti tauira me te hanga kākahu tauira. Ka taea te whakauru atu ki te tukanga whakaputa e whai ake nei i muri i te whakaū a te kiritaki. Ka tapahia, ka tuia ngā papanga hei hua haurua-oti. I muri i te hanga o ētahi papanga whakawhiti hei hua haurua-oti, kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga tukanga motuhake, me whakarōpū me te tukatuka, pērā i te horoi kākahu, te horoi onepu kākahu, te tukatuka pānga takai, me ētahi atu, ā, i te mutunga, mā roto i te tukanga āwhina me te tukanga whakaoti, kātahi ka tākai me te penapena i muri i te tirotiro.
(2) Te kaupapa me ngā whakaritenga o te tirotiro papanga
He mea nui te kounga o ngā papanga pai hei whakahaere i te kounga o ngā hua kua oti. Mā te tirotiro me te whakatau i te papanga e tae mai ana ka taea te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā kākahu.
Kei roto i te tirotiro papanga te kounga o te āhua me te kounga o roto. Ko te āhua matua o te papanga ko te mea kei reira te pakaru, te paru, te hapa raranga, te rerekētanga tae me ērā atu mea. Me aro anō hoki te papanga horoi onepu ki te mea kei reira te ara onepu, te hiri mate, te pakaru me ētahi atu hapa horoi onepu. Me tohu ngā hapa e pā ana ki te āhua i roto i te tirotiro, ā, me karo i te wā e tapahia ana.
Ko te kounga o roto o te papanga ko te whakahekenga, te pumau o te tae me te taumaha (m, auneke) e toru ngā ihirangi. I te wā e tirotirohia ana te tauira, me tapahi ngā tauira māngai o ngā momo rerekē me ngā tae rerekē hei whakamātautau kia tika ai ngā raraunga.
I taua wā anō, me tirotirohia hoki ngā rauemi āwhina e tomo mai ana ki te wheketere, pērā i te tere whakaheke o te whitiki rapa, te pumau o te piri o te arai piri, te maeneene o te reti reti, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā rauemi āwhina kāore e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga e kore e whakamahia.
(3) Te huarahi mahi matua o te whakarite hangarau
I mua i te hanga papatipu, me whakarite pai ngā kaimahi hangarau i mua i te hanga papatipu. E toru ngā kaupapa o te whakarite hangarau: te pepa tukanga, te hanga tauira pepa me te hanga tauira kākahu. He mea nui te whakarite hangarau hei whakarite kia maeneene te hanga papatipu me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te kiritaki.
He tuhinga ārahi te pepa tukanga mō te tukatuka kākahu. E whakaatu ana i ngā whakaritenga taipitopito mō ngā whakatakotoranga, te tuitui, te whakahāngai, te whakaoti me te takai, me ētahi atu, ā, e whakamārama ana hoki i ngā taipitopito pēnei i te huinga o ngā taputapu kākahu me te matotoru o ngā ara tuitui, tirohia te Ripanga 1-1. Me whakahaere ngā tukanga katoa i roto i te tukatuka kākahu kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te pepa tukanga.
Me tika te rahi me ngā whakaritenga katoa mō te hanga tauira. Me tino ōrite ngā rārangi āhua o ngā wāhanga e tika ana. Me tohu te tau o ngā kākahu, te wāhanga, ngā whakaritenga, te ahunga o ngā raka hiraka me ngā whakaritenga kounga ki te tauira, ā, me tā te hiri tauira ki te wāhi honohono e tika ana.
I muri i te otinga o te pepa tukanga me te whakatakotoranga tauira, ka taea te whakahaere i te hanga o ngā kākahu tauira puranga iti, ā, ka taea te whakatika i te rerekētanga i roto i te wā e rite ana ki ngā hiahia o ngā kiritaki me te tukanga, ā, ka taea te whakatau i ngā uauatanga o te tukanga, kia pai ai te whakahaere i te rere o te papatipu. Kua noho te tauira hei tetahi o ngā turanga tirotiro nui i muri i te kiritaki.
(4) Ngā whakaritenga mō te tukanga tapahi
I mua i te tapahi, me tuhi te tuhi tukunga kia rite ki te tauira. Ko te "Oti, whaitake, penapena" te kaupapa matua o te tukunga. Ko ngā whakaritenga matua o te tukanga tapahi koia ēnei:
(1) Whakakorehia te rahinga i te wā tō, ā, kia tūpato ki te karo i ngā hapa.
(2) Mō ngā momo papanga kua horoia kua taehia, kua onepūhia rānei, me tapahi kia maha ngā momo hei ārai i te rerekētanga o te tae i runga i te kākahu kotahi. Mēnā he rerekētanga te tae o te papanga, me tuku te rerekētanga o te tae ki te papanga.
(3) I te wā e tukuna ana ngā rauemi, kia tūpato mēnā e tutuki ana ngā miro hiraka o te papanga me te ahunga o ngā miro kākahu i ngā whakaritenga tukatuka. Mō te papanga weriweri (pēnei i te weriweri, te weriweri, te koroi, me ētahi atu), kaua ngā rauemi e tukuna whakamuri, ki te kore ka pāngia te hohonutanga o te tae o te kākahu.
(4) Mō te papanga whatu, me aro tātou ki te tūnga me te tūnga o ngā pae i ia paparanga, kia ōrite ai, kia ōrite ai hoki te āhua o ngā pae i runga i te kākahu.
(5) Me tapahi tika, me whai rārangi tika, maeneene hoki te tapahi. Kaua te papa e matotoru rawa, kaua hoki ngā papa o runga me raro o te papanga e tapahia rawatia.
(6) Tapahia te maripi kia rite ki te tohu tauira.
(7) Me aro nui kia kaua e pāngia te āhua o te kākahu ina whakamahia te tohu kōhao kōne. Whai muri i te tapahi, me tatau te rahinga me te tirotiro papa, ā, me whakakotahi kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga kākahu, me te tau tautoko tīkiti, ngā wāhanga me ngā whakaritenga kua tāpirihia.
(5) Ko te tuitui me te tuitui te tukanga matua ote tukatuka kākahuE ai ki te momo me te momo mahi toi, ka taea te wehewehe i te tuitui kākahu ki te tuitui mīhini me te tuitui ā-ringa. I roto i te tukanga tuitui me te tukatuka, ka rere te mahi.
He mea noa ake te whakamahi i te arai piri i roto i te tukatuka kākahu, ko tana mahi he whakahaere i te tukanga tuitui, he whakarite i te kounga o te kākahu, he ārai i te hurihanga me te miro, ā, he wāhi nui anō hoki ki te whakatauira kākahu. Ko ōna momo papanga kore-whatu, ngā papanga whatu, ngā kakahu whatu hei papanga turanga, me whiriwhiri te whakamahinga o te arai piri kia rite ki te papanga me ngā wāhanga o te kākahu, kia tika ai te hopu i te wā, te pāmahana me te pēhanga, kia pai ake ai ngā hua.
I te tukatuka i ngā kākahu whatu, ka honoa ngā tuitui kia rite ki tētahi ture hei hanga i tētahi miro mārō, ataahua hoki.
Ka taea te whakarāpopoto i te arai ki ngā momo e whā e whai ake nei:
1. Te Aro o te Miro Mekameka He mea hanga te aro o te miro me te taura ki te kotahi, ki te rua rānei ngā tuitui. He tuitui kotahi. Ko tōna painga he iti te maha o ngā aho e whakamahia ana i roto i te roanga kotahi, engari ko te ngoikoretanga ko te wetewete i te raka o te taha ina whati te aho mekameka. Ko te miro o te tuitui takirua ka kiia ko te tuitui mekameka takirua, he mea hanga ki te aho ngira me te aho matau, he pai ake tōna ngāwari me tōna kaha i te miro raka, ā, kāore e ngāwari te marara i te wā kotahi. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te aro o te mekameka raina kotahi ki te remu o te koti, te tuitui tarau, te pane o te koti, me ētahi atu. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te aro o te mekameka raina rua ki te tuitui o te taha tuitui, te tuitui o muri me te taha o te tarau, te whitiki rapa me ētahi atu wāhanga he nui ake te totoro me te kaha.
2. Ko te tohu raka, e mōhiotia ana ko te tohu tuitui whakawhiti, e honoa ana e ngā tuitui e rua i roto i te tuitui. He rite te āhua o ngā pito e rua o te tuitui, ā, he ngoikore te totoro me te ngāwari, engari he tata te tuitui o runga me raro. Ko te tohu tuitui raka rārangi te tohu tuitui tuitui tino noa, e whakamahia ana mō te tuitui o ngā wahi tuitui e rua. Pērā i te taha tuitui, te tuitui tiaki, te tuitui putea me ētahi atu.
3. Ko te tohu tuitui takai he miro e whakatakotoria ana ki te taha o te tuitui mā te raupapa o ngā tuitui. E ai ki te maha o ngā ara tuitui (tuitui tuitui kotahi, tuitui tuitui takirua… tuitui takai ono tuitui). Ko tōna āhuatanga he mea takai te taha o te rauemi tuitui, he mea ārai i te taha o te papanga. Ina totorohia te tuitui, ka taea te whakawhiti i waenga i te rārangi mata me te rārangi raro, kia pai ake ai te ngāwari o te tuitui, kia whānuitia ai te whakamahinga i te taha o te papanga. Ko ngā tuitui waea-toru me waea-whā ngā kākahu whatu e whakamahia whānuitia ana. Ko ngā tuitui waea-rima me waea-ono, e mōhiotia ana ko "ngā ara whakakotahi", he mea tito mai i te tuitui rārangi-rua me ngā tuitui waea-toru, waea-whā rānei. Ko tōna āhuatanga nui ko te kaha nui, ka taea te whakakotahi me te takai i te wā kotahi, kia pai ake ai te matotoru o ngā tohu tuitui me te whai huatanga o te whakaputa tuitui.
4. He nui atu i te rua ngā ngira i hangaia ai te tohu tuitui, me te miro matau piko tetahi ki tetahi, ā, i ētahi wā ka tāpirihia he miro whakapaipai kotahi, e rua rānei ki mua. Ko ngā āhuatanga o te tohu tuitui he kaha, he pai te kume, he maeneene te tuitui, ā, i ētahi wā (pēnei i te tuitui tuitui) ka ārai i te taha o te papanga.
Kei te Pikitia 1-13 te āhua o te tuitui taketake. Haunga te tuitui taketake, kei reira anō hoki ngā tikanga tukatuka pēnei i te whakapiko me te whakairo kakahu e ai ki ngā whakaritenga o te momo kāhua me te hangarau. Me whai whakaaro te whiriwhiri i te matotoru o te ngira, te miro me te ara ngira i roto i te tuitui kākahu whatu ki ngā whakaritenga o te kakano me te tukanga o te papanga kākahu.
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā ngira mā te "momo me te maha". E ai ki te āhua, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tuitui ki ngā momo S, J, B, U, Y, e rite ana ki ngā papanga rerekē, mā te whakamahi i te momo ngira e tika ana.
Ko te matotoru o ngā tuitui e whakamahia ana i Haina ka wehea e te maha, ā, ka matotoru haere te matotoru i te pikinga ake o te maha. Ko ngā tuitui e whakamahia ana i roto i te tukatuka kākahu i te nuinga o te wā mai i te 7 ki te 18, ā, he rerekē ngā tuitui o ngā papanga kākahu rerekē.
Ko te tikanga, me rite te kakano me te tae o ngā tuitui ki te papanga kākahu (ina koa mō te hoahoa whakapaipai). Ko ngā tuitui he miro hiraka, he miro miro, he miro miro/polyester, he miro polyester, me ētahi atu. I te wā e whiriwhiri ana i ngā tuitui, me aro hoki tātou ki te kounga o ngā tuitui, pērā i te pumau o te tae, te whakaheke, te kaha o te pumau me ētahi atu. Me whakamahi te tuitui paerewa mō ngā papanga katoa.
Ko te mātotoru o te ara ngira ko te mātotoru o te waewae o te ngira, e aromatawaitia ana e te maha o ngā tuitui i roto i te 3cm i runga i te mata o te kakahu, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaatu mā te maha o ngā kōhao iti i roto i te kakahu 3cm. Ko te mātotoru paerewa o te ara ngira i roto i te tukatuka kākahu whatu.
Ko te tuitui kākahu i te nuinga o te wā me ātaahua, kia kore ai e puta he āhua kore taurite, he piko, he turuturu, he tuitui hē, me ērā atu āhuatanga. I te tuitui, me aro tātou ki te tauira o te hononga, me te ōrite hoki. Me ōrite, me tika, me maeneene, me maeneene te tuitui; kia papatahi te mata o te kākahu, kāore he miro, he takai iti; kei te pai te āhua o te tuitui, kāore he rārangi whati, he rārangi mānu, ā, kaua e herea ngā wāhanga nui pērā i te pito o te kara.
(6) whitiki whao kōhao kī
Ko te pū kōhao raka me te whitiki whao i roto i ngā kākahu ka hangaia mā te mīhini. E ai ki tōna āhua, ka wehea te whitiki kanohi ki te pū kōhao papatahi me te pū kōhao kanohi, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te pū kōhao moe me te pū kōhao kanohi kūkupa.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā kanohi torotika i roto i ngā hāte, ngā remu, ngā tarau me ētahi atu hua kākahu angiangi.
Ko ngā kanohi phoenix te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā koti, ngā hūtu me ētahi atu papanga matotoru o te kāwai koti.
Me aro te poka raka ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei:
(1) Mēnā he tika te tūnga o te cingulate.
(2) Mēnā he rite te rahi o te kanohi pātene ki te rahi me te matotoru o te pātene.
(3) Mēnā kua tapahia pai te pū o te pātene.
(4) he mea totoro (he rapa) he mea angiangi rawa rānei te rauemi kākahu, me whakaaro ki te whakamahinga o te kōhao raka i te paparanga o roto o te whakakaha kakahu. Me rite te tuitui o te pātene ki te tūranga o te pūwāhi wero, ki te kore, e kore te pātene e whakapōturi, e piko rānei te tūranga o te pātene. Me aro anō hoki ki te nui me te kaha o te aho here hei ārai i te taka o te pātene, me te nui hoki o te whitiki i runga i te papanga matotoru o te kākahu.
(Whitu) ngā tāngata wera e whakamahi pinepine ana i te "tuitui ira-toru e whitu ngā ira wera" hei whakatikatika kaha i te wera he tukanga nui i roto i te tukatuka kakahu.
E toru ngā mahi matua o te whakahinuhinu:
(1) Tangohia ngā kita o ngā kākahu mā te rehu me te rino, ā, kia papatahi ngā kapiti.
(2) I muri i te whakamahana i te āhua o te kākahu, kia papatahi, kia tika te āhua, kia piko.
(3) Whakamahia te pūkenga "whakahoki" me te "tō" i te rino hei whakarerekē i te whakahekenga o te muka me te kiato me te ahunga o te whakaritenga o te papanga, hei hanga i te āhua toru-ahu o te kākahu, hei urutau ki ngā whakaritenga o te āhua o te tinana tangata me te āhua o te mahi, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te kākahu kia ataahua, kia whakamarie hoki te mau.
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua e whā e pā ana ki te rino kakahu ko: te pāmahana, te haumākū, te pēhanga me te wā. Ko te pāmahana rino te mea matua e pā ana ki te pānga rino. Ko te mārama ki te pāmahana rino o ngā momo kakahu te raruraru matua o te whakakakahu. He iti rawa te pāmahana rino hei whakatutuki i te pānga rino; ka pakaru te pāmahana rino.
He maha ngā āhuatanga o te pāmahana rino o ngā momo muka katoa, ahakoa te wā whakapā, te tere neke, te pēhanga rino, te matotoru o te moenga me te makuku.
Me karo i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te wā e whakahinuhinu ana:
(1) Te āhua o te aurora me te mura i runga i te mata o te kākahu.
(2) I mahue i te mata o te kākahu ngā riu iti me ngā kita me ētahi atu hapa wera.
(3) He turuturu, he wera hoki ngā wāhanga.
(8) Te tirotiro i ngā kākahu
Me tirotiro ngā kākahu i roto i te tukanga tukatuka katoa mai i te tapahi, te tuitui, te whakapūmau i te whitiki, te whakaoti me te rino. I mua i te tākai me te rokiroki, me tirotirohia hoki ngā hua kua oti kia pai ai te kounga o ngā hua.
Ko ngā kaupapa matua o te tirotiro i ngā hua kua oti:
(1) Mēnā he rite te momo ki te tauira whakaū.
(2) Mēnā e tutuki ana te rahi me ngā whakaritenga i ngā whakaritenga o te pepa tukanga me te tauira kākahu.
(3) Mēnā he tika te tuitui, ā, mēnā he maeneene, he papatahi hoki te tuitui o ngā kākahu.
(4) tirohia mēnā he tika te takirua o te kākahu rīpene.
(5) mēnā he tika te miro hiraka o te papanga, mēnā kāore he hapa o te papanga, kei reira te hinu.
(6) Mēnā he rerekētanga tae kei roto i te kākahu kotahi.
(7) Mēnā he pai te rino.
(8) Mēnā he pakari te arai here, ā, mēnā he āhuatanga urunga piri.
(9) Mēnā kua whakatikatikaina te pane waea.
(10) Mehemea kua oti katoa ngā whakapaipai kākahu.
(11) Mehemea kei te rite te tohu rahi, te tohu horoi me te tohu hokohoko o ngā kākahu ki te ihirangi o ngā taonga tuturu, ā, mehemea hoki kei te tika te tūnga.
(12) Mehemea he pai te āhua whānui o te kākahu.
(13) Mehemea e tutuki ana ngā whakaritenga i roto i te takai.
(9) Te tākai me te rokiroki
Ka taea te wehewehe i te takai o ngā kākahu ki ngā momo e rua: te whakairi me te takai, ko te tikanga he takai ā-roto me te takai ā-waho.
Ko te takai o roto e pā ana ki tētahi, neke atu rānei, kākahu e whakaurua ana ki roto i tētahi pēke rapa. Me rite te nama utu me te rahi o ngā kākahu ki ērā kua tohua ki te pēke rapa, ā, me maeneene, me ataahua hoki te takai. Me takai motuhake ētahi momo kākahu, pērā i ngā kākahu miro kia takaihia hei mea kōpikopiko, kia mau tonu ai tōna āhua.
Ko te nuinga o te wā ka tākaihia te kete o waho ki roto i ngā kātene, kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki, ki ngā tohutohu rānei mō te pepa tukanga. Ko te āhua o te tākai he momo tae whakauru, he momo tae kotahi motuhake, he momo tae whakauru kotahi, he momo tae whakauru motuhake e whā. I te wā e tākai ana, me aro tātou ki te rahinga katoa me te tika o te tae me te rahi. Paraihia te tohu pouaka ki te pouaka o waho, hei tohu i te kiritaki, te tauranga tuku, te tau pouaka, te rahinga, te takenga mai, me ētahi atu, kia rite te ihirangi ki ngā taonga tuturu.
Wā tuku: Mei-25-2024
