Te kounga o te kākahuKa taea te wehewehe i te tirotiro ki ngā wāhanga e rua: te tirotiro "kounga ā-roto" me te tirotiro "kounga ā-waho"
Te arotakenga kounga o roto o te kākahu
1, ko te "tirotiro kounga ā-roto" o te kākahu e pā ana ki: te pumau o te tae, te uara PH, te formaldehyde, te hauota, te tohu ngaungau miraka, te tere whakaheke, ngā matū paitini whakarewa.. Me ērā atu.
2. He maha ngā tirotiro "kounga ā-roto" kāore e kitea ā-kanohi, nō reira me whakatū he tari whakamātautau motuhake me ngā taputapu ngaio mō ngā kaimahi hei whakamātautau. Kia oti te whakamātautau, ka ngana rātou ki te tuku atu ki ngā kaimahi kounga o te kamupene me te rōpū "pūrongo"!
Te kounga o wahote tirotiro i ngā kākahu
Tirotiro āhua, tirotiro i ngā rahi, tirotiro mata/rauemi āwhina, tirotiro tukanga, tirotiro tā whakairo/wai horoi, tirotiro rino, tirotiro takai.
1, tirotiro āhua: tirohia te āhua o te kākahu: te pakaru, te rerekētanga tae kitea, te miro, te tae o te miro, te miro whati, ngā paru, te tae, te tae… Te pūwāhi rū.
2, te tirotiro i te rahi: ka taea te ine i runga i ngā tuhinga me ngā raraunga e tika ana, ka taea te whakataurite i ngā kākahu, kātahi ka ine me te manatoko i tētahi wāhanga. Ko te waeine ine ko te "pūnaha henimita" (CM), ā, he maha ngā umanga ke e whakamahi ana i te "pūnaha inihi" (INCH). Kei runga i ngā hiahia o ia kamupene me ngā manuhiri.
3. Tirotiro kanohi/taonga whakapaipai:
A, Te tirotiro i te papangaTirohia mēnā he papanga A, he miro tuhi, he miro whati, he pona miro, he miro tae, he miro rere, he rerekētanga tae taha, he paru, he rerekētanga rango…taria.
B, tirotiro taputapu: pēnei i te tirotiro reti: mēnā he maeneene te tihi me te tihi, mēnā he ōrite te tauira, mēnā he tataramoa rapa te hiku reti. Tirohia te pātene kati e whā: tae o te pātene, he rite te rahi, he mārō te whitiki tihi me te tihi, he wetekina, he koi te taha o te pātene. Tirotiro tuitui waka: tae o te raina waka, ngā whakatakotoranga, mēnā he memeha. Tirotiro wiri wera: he kaha te wiri wera, ngā whakatakotoranga rahi. Taria….
4, te tirotiro tukanga: kia aro ki te wāhanga ōrite o te kākahu, te kara, te pūmau, te roa o te ringaringa, te pute, mehemea he ōrite. Kara: ahakoa he porowhita, he maeneene, he tika. Taha waewae: mehemea he qi kāore i te ōrite. Ringa Shang: Kia ōrite te memeha o te pūmau Shang. Reti mua me waenganui: mehemea he maeneene te tuitui o te reti, ā, he maeneene te whakaritenga o te reti. Waha waewae; ahakoa he ōrite, he rite te rahi.
5. Tirotiro i te tānga whakairo/wai horoi: kia aro ki te tūnga, te rahi, te tae, te āhua o te tānga whakairo. Tirohia te wai horoi: i muri i te horoinga wai ka rongohia te pānga, te tae, kāore e kore he tawhetawhe.
6, te tirotiro i te rino: kia tupato ki te rino i ngā kākahu he papatahi, he ataahua, he kōwhai te kita, he wai.
7, te tirotiro i ngā tākai: te whakamahi i ngā tuhinga me ngā raraunga, tirohia te tohu pouaka o waho, te putea rapa, te tapanga waehere pae, te rārangi, te whakairi, mēnā he tika. Mēnā he tutuki te rahinga tākai i ngā whakaritenga, ā, mēnā he tika te tau waehere. (Me whakahaere te tirotiro tauira kia rite ki te paerewa tirotiro AQL 2.5.)
Te ihirangi o te arotakenga kounga o ngā kākahu
I tēnei wā, ko te nuinga o ngā tirotiro kounga e mahia ana e ngā umanga kakahu ko te tirotiro kounga āhua, mai i ngā āhuatanga o ngā taputapu kakahu, te rahi, te tuitui, me te tapanga. Ko ngā ihirangi tirotiro me ngā whakaritenga tirotiro koia ēnei:
1 Kakahu, rauemi
①, Ko ngā momo kakahu katoa, ngā rauemi, me ngā rauemi āwhina e kore e memeha i muri i te horoinga: me rite te kakano (te hanganga, te āhua, te kanapa, te whakaritenga o te papanga, me ētahi atu), ngā tauira me te whakairo (te tauwāhi, te rohe) ki ngā whakaritenga;
②, Kāore e taea e te papanga o ngā momo kākahu katoa te whai i te āhuatanga o te pikinga whānui;
③, Ko ngā momo kākahu katoa e oti ana te mahi, kāore e taea te hanga i te hiraka, te pakaru, te kōhao, te pānga kino rānei o ngā toenga raranga nui (te kopikopiko, te kore miro, me ētahi atu) me te kōhao iti ki te taha o te kakahu.
④, Kāore e taea e te mata o te papanga hiako te pā ki te āhua o te poka, ngā kōhao me ngā karawarawa;
⑤, Kāore e taea te hanga i te mata o te kākahu whatu kia kore e pārō, ā, kāore e taea te hanga hononga miro ki te mata o te kākahu;
⑥, Kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā paru hinu, paru pene, paru waikura, paru tae, tohuwai, tānga āwhati, tā paura me ētahi atu momo paru i runga i ngā momo kākahu katoa.
⑦. Rerekētanga tae: A. Kāore he rerekētanga o ngā atarangi o te tae kotahi i runga i te kākahu kotahi; B. Kāore he paru nui kāore i te ōrite i runga i te kākahu kotahi o te kākahu kotahi (haunga ngā whakaritenga hoahoa papanga); C. Kāore he rerekētanga tae mārama i waenga i ngā tae ōrite o te kākahu kotahi; D. Te tihi me te raro ōrite;
⑧, Me ngawari te āhua o ngā kakahu katoa e horoia ana, e huri ana, e onepū ana, kia tika te tae, kia ōrite te tauira, ā, kia kore e pakaru te kakahu (haunga ngā hoahoa motuhake);
⑨, Me pania te papanga pania katoa kia ōrite, kia mārō, kia kore ai he toenga ki te mata. Kaua hoki te paninga o te hua kua oti e pupuhi, e taka rānei i muri i te horoinga.
2 Ngā Ahu
① Ko te rahi o ia wāhanga o te hua kua oti te hanga kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga me ngā inenga e hiahiatia ana, ā, kaua te hapa e neke ake i te awhe manawanui;
②, Ko te tikanga ine o ia wāhanga he tino rite ki ngā whakaritenga.
3 Te tukanga
①. Te piri:
A. Me whiriwhiri e ngā wāhanga arai katoa te arai e tika ana mō te mata, te rauemi arai, te tae me te whakahekenga;
B, me tino maeneene, kia maeneene hoki ia wāhanga piri, kia kore ai he kāpia, he pahuka rānei, kia kore ai e whakaiti i te matotoru o te papanga.
2. Tukanga tīwiri:
A. Me whakataurite te momo me te tae o te aho tuitui ki te tae me te kakano o te mata me te rauemi, ā, me whakarerekē te aho here whao ki te tae o te pātene (haunga ngā whakaritenga motuhake);
B. Kāore he ngira pekepeke, he miro motu, he miro wetewete, he miro tuwhera tonu rānei i ia tuitui (tae atu ki te tuitui takai);
C. Me maeneene ia tuitui (tae atu ki te tuitui takai) me te rārangi tuwhera, me tika te piri o te rārangi, ā, kaua he rārangi mānu, he takotoranga, he totoro, he whakawhāiti rānei e pā ana ki te āhua;
D, kāore e taea e ia rārangi kanapa te whai i te mata, ka kitea te āhua mārama o te rārangi raro, inā koa kāore te tae o te rārangi raro i te wā kotahi;
E, kāore e taea te whakatuwhera i te pito porowini o te hononga, kāore e taea te tango i te taha mua o te kete;
F. I te wā e tuitui ana, me aro nui ki te ahunga whakamuri o ngā tuitui o ngā wāhanga e tika ana, kaua hoki e piko, e takai rānei;
G, kāore e taea te whakaatu i ngā pona katoa o ngā momo kākahu katoa;
H. Mēnā he pae hurihuri, he tapa, he niho rānei, me ōrite te whānui o ngā tapa me ngā niho;
Ahau, ngā momo tono waitohu katoa i te taha o te rārangi tae tuitui, ā, kāore e taea te puta he āhuatanga tomairangi huruhuru hipi;
J, ki te mea he momo whakairo, me maeneene ngā wāhanga whakairo, kaua e pahuka, kaua e kai roa, kaua e haumākū huruhuru, me tapahi ma te tuara o te pepa arai, te kakahu arai rānei;
K, me rite te whānui o ia tuitui, me whaiti hoki, ā, me tutuki hoki ngā whakaritenga.
③ tukanga raka:
A, ko ngā momo whitiki kakahu katoa (tae atu ki te pātene, te pātene, te whitiki wha, te matau, te Velcro, me ētahi atu) kia tika te tikanga, kia tika te rite, kia pakari te whao, kia oti, kia kore he huruhuru hipi, kia aro ki te whitiki kia oti;
B, me tino oti te pātene o te kākahu, kia papatahi, kia tika te rahi, kaua e tino angiangi, kaua e nui rawa, kaua e iti rawa, kaua e mā, e huruhuru hipi rānei;
C, me whakakīkī, me here hoki ngā pātene me ngā pātene e whā, ā, kia kaua he tohu chromium, he pakaru chromium rānei i runga i te mata (kiri) o te rauemi.
④ i muri i te mutunga:
A, Āhua: me huruhuru katoa ngā kākahu katoa o te tinana;
B, me whakamāeneene ngā momo kākahu katoa, kia maeneene hoki, kia kore ai he kopa mate, he mārama, he tohu wera, he tohu tahunga rānei;
C. Me rite te ahunga whakamuri wera o ia tuitui i ia hononga ki te wahi katoa, kaua hoki e piko, e miro rānei;
D, ko te taha whakamuri o te tuitui o ia wāhanga ōrite kia ōrite;
E, me tino rite te āhua o mua me muri o ngā tarau ki ngā whakaritenga.
4 Ngā Taputapu
①, here here:
A, tae o te reti, rauemi tika, kāore e memeha te tae, āhuatanga whakarerekētanga tae;
B, kumea te upoko kia kaha, tu atu ki te kume tonu;
C. He tino ātaahua, he ōrite hoki te whakapūtanga o te pane niho, kāore he niho ngaro, he āhuatanga whakakoi ngaro hoki;
D. Katinga maeneene;
E, me raka aunoa te reti o te pūeru me te tarau mēnā he reti noa.
②, Pātene, whitiki wha-wāhanga, matau, Velcro, whitiki me ētahi atu taputapu:
A, tika te tae me te rauemi, kaua e whakapōturi te tae;
B. Kāore he raruraru kounga e pā ana ki te āhua me te whakamahinga;
C, ka tuwhera, ka kati mārie, ā, ka taea te tu atu i te whakatuwheratanga me te katinga tonu.
5 Ngā tohu rerekē
①, Paerewa Matua: me tika, me oti, me mārama, me kore e oti, me tuia ki te tūranga tika te ihirangi o te paerewa matua.
2, Paerewa rahi: me tika, me oti, me mārama, me pūmau te tuitui o te rahi, me tika te momo tuitui, ā, kia rite te tae ki te paerewa matua.
③, tohu taha, remu rānei: me tika te tohu taha, me mārama, me tika te tūnga tuitui, me mārō, me aro nui ki te taha.
④, tapanga tiaki horoi:
A. He rite te momo o te tohu horoi ki te raupapa, he rite te tikanga horoi ki te tuhinga me te tuhinga, he tika te tānga o te tohu me te tuhinga, he tika te tuhituhi, he pakari te tuitui, ā, he tika te ahunga (me tā te taera kākahu me te papamahi me te taha ingoa ki runga, me ngā reta Ārapi ki raro);
B. Me mārama te tuhinga o te tohu horoi, ā, me ātete ki te horoi;
C, kāore e taea te pato hē i te waitohu kakahu kotahi.
Ehara i te mea ko te kounga o te āhua anake te mea e whakatau ana i ngā paerewa kākahu, engari ko te kounga o roto hoki tētahi o ngā mea nui hei pupuri i te kounga o te hua, ā, kei te aro nui haere tonu ngā tari tirotiro kounga me ngā kaihoko. Me whakapakari ake ngā umanga waitohu kākahu me ngā umanga hokohoko kākahu o tāwāhi i te tirotiro kounga o roto me te whakahaere i ngā kākahu.
Ngā tirotiro me ngā pūwāhi whakahaere kounga hua haurua-oti
Ka roa ake te tukanga hanga kākahu, ka roa ake te wā tirotiro me ngā wāhi whakahaere kounga e hiahiatia ana. I te nuinga o te wā, me whakahaere he tirotiro hua haurua-oti i muri i te tukanga tuitui. Ko te tikanga, ka mahia tēnei tirotiro e ngā kaimahi tirotiro kounga, e te kaiārahi tīma rānei i te raina huihuinga hei whakarite i te whakaū kounga i mua, kia taea ai te whakarerekē i ngā hua i te wā tika.
Mō ētahi whakaritenga kounga teitei mō ngā koti hūtu me ētahi atu kākahu, me tirotiro ngā wāhanga o te hua i mua i te whakakotahitanga o ngā wāhanga. Hei tauira, i muri i te whakaoti i te pute, te awaawa porowini, te hononga i te wāhanga o nāianei, me tirotirohia hoki ngā wāhanga o te ringaringa me te kara i mua i te whakakotahitanga me te kākahu; ka taea te mahi tirotiro e ngā kaimahi o te tukanga whakakotahi hei ārai i ngā wāhanga he raruraru kounga kei rere ki roto i te tukanga tukatuka whakakotahi.
I muri i te tāpiri i te tirotiro hua haurua-oti me te pūwāhi whakahaere kounga o ngā wāhanga, te āhua nei he nui te mahi tangata me te moumou taima, engari ka taea e tēnei te whakaiti i te rahinga mahi anō me te whakarite i te kounga, ā, he pai te haumi ki te utu kounga.
whakapainga kounga
Mā te whakapai tonu i te kounga o ngā hua ka whakapai ake ngā umanga, he hononga nui tēnei ki te whakahaere kounga o ngā umanga. Ko te whakapai ake i te kounga ka tutukihia mā ngā tikanga e whai ake nei:
1 Ngā kitenga:
Mā te tirotiro matapōkere a te kaiārahi rōpū, a te kaimahi tirotiro rānei, me tohu ngā raruraru kounga i te wā tika, ā, me kōrero ngā kaiwhakahaere ki a rātou te tikanga whakahaere tika me ngā whakaritenga kounga. Mō ngā kaimahi hou, mō tēnei hua hou rānei i runga ipurangi, he mea nui tēnei tirotiro, kia kore ai e tukatukahia ētahi atu hua e hiahia ana kia whakatikahia.
2. Tikanga tātari raraunga:
Mā roto i ngā tatauranga o ngā raruraru kounga o ngā hua kāore i te tika, ka tātarihia ngā tino take, ā, ka mahia he whakapainga whai take i roto i te hononga whakaputa o muri mai. Mena he raruraru nui, he raruraru iti rānei te rahi o ngā kākahu, me tātarihia ngā take o aua raruraru, i roto i te whakaputa o muri mai mā roto i te whakarerekētanga rahi tauira, te whakaiti i te papanga i mua, te whakanoho i te rahi o ngā kākahu me ētahi atu tikanga hei whakapai ake. Mā te tātari raraunga ka tautokohia ngā raraunga hei whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā umanga. Me whakapai ake ngā umanga kākahu i te rēkoata raraunga o te hononga tirotiro. Ehara i te mea ko te tirotiro anake hei kimi i ngā hua kāore i te tika, kātahi ka whakatika, engari me kohikohi raraunga e rite ana hei ārai i ngā hua o muri mai.
3. Tikanga whai i te kounga:
Mā te tikanga aroturuki kounga, me kawe e ngā kaimahi he raruraru kounga te kawenga mō ngā whakarerekētanga me ngā kawenga ōhanga. Mā tēnei tikanga, ka taea e tātou te whakapai ake i te mōhiotanga kounga o ngā kaimahi, ā, kia kore ai e whakaputa hua kāore i te tika. Hei whakamahi i te tikanga aroturuki kounga, me kimi e te hua te raina whakaputa mā te waehere QR, mā te tau rangatū rānei kei runga i te tapanga, kātahi ka kimi i te tangata e tika ana hei kaiwhakahaere e ai ki te tohatoha tukanga.
Kāore e taea te whai i te kounga i roto i te raina huihuinga anake, engari ka taea hoki te whai i roto i te tukanga whakaputa katoa, ā, ka taea hoki te whai i ngā kaiwhakarato taputapu mata o runga. Ko ngā raruraru kounga ā-roto o ngā kākahu e ahu mai ana i te tukanga kakahu, tae me te whakaoti. Ina kitea ēnei raruraru kounga, me wehewehe ngā kawenga e pā ana ki te kaiwhakarato kakahu. He pai ake te kimi me te whakatika i te kaiwhakarato mata, te whakakapi rānei i te kaiwhakarato rauemi mata i te wā tika.
Ngā whakaritenga mō te tirotiro kounga o ngā kākahu
He whakaritenga whānui
1, he papanga, he taputapu o te kounga pai, e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga a te kiritaki, e mōhiotia ana e te kiritaki ngā taonga papatipu;
2, he tika te taurite o te momo me te tae;
3, kei roto te rahi i te awhe hapa e whakaaetia ana;
4, mahi tino pai;
5. He ma, he ātaahua, he ātaahua hoki ngā hua.
E rua ngā whakaritenga āhua
1, he tika te taha mua, he papatahi ngā kākahu, he rite te roa me te roa. He papatahi ngā kākahu o mua, he rite te whānui, kaua te taha mua e roa atu i te taha mua. Me papatahi ngā ngutu reti, kia rite te āhua, kaua e miro, kaua e tuwhera. Kaua e taea te whakangaueue i te reti. He tika, he rite te āhua o ngā pātene, kia ōrite te tawhiti.
2, he ōrite te rārangi, he tika, kāore te waha e tuwha, he whānui, he whānui hoki.
3, kia tika te marau, kaua e whakaohokia.
4, kāore e taea te waiho he āputa i roto i te pūtu, he kākahu papatahi, he waha putea.
5, uhi putea, kākahu papatahi tapawhā putea, i mua me muri, teitei, rahi. I roto i te taumata putea. He rite te rahi, kākahu papatahi kaiwhakaū.
6, he rite te rahi o te kara, he papatahi te pane, he ātaahua ngā pito e rua, he porowhita te kōhanga kara, he papatahi te kara, he pai te rapa, kāore te waha i te tika, kāore te kara o raro i te kitea.
7, he papatahi te pakihiwi, he tika te tuitui pakihiwi, he ōrite te whānui o ngā pakihiwi e rua, he ōrite te tuitui.
8, te roa o te ringaringa, te rahi o te ringaringa, te whānui me te whānui, te teitei o te koropiko ringaringa, te roa me te whānui o taua mea.
9, he papatahi te tuara, he tika te tuitui, he ōrite te whitiki o muri, he pai te hanga i te rapa.
10, te taha raro porowhita, papatahi, pakiaka ōki, whānui rara whaiti, rara ki te tuitui rārangi.
11, me rite te rahi me te roa o ia wāhanga o te rauemi ki te papanga, kaua e iri, kaua e ruaki.
12, ko te motuka i runga i ngā kākahu i waho i ngā taha e rua o te rīpene, he rei, ko te tauira i ngā taha e rua me ōrite.
13, kia papatahi te whakakī miro, kia ōrite te rārangi, kia ma te hononga, kia tika te tūnga o mua, o muri hoki.
14, kei te papanga te huruhuru hipi (huruhuru), hei wehewehe i te ahunga, ko te huruhuru hipi (huruhuru) te aronga hurihuri me rite te ahunga o te wahi katoa.
15, ki te mea ko te momo hiri mai i te ringaringa, kaua te roa o te hiri e neke ake i te 10 cm, kia rite, kia mārō, kia ma te hiri.
16, kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te papanga o te keehi, me tika te raina.
3 Ngā whakaritenga whānui mō te mahi toi
1. He maeneene te aho o te motuka, kāore he miro, kāore hoki he piko. Me whai hononga ngira takirua te wāhanga aho takirua o te motuka. He ōrite te aho o raro, kāore he ngira pekepeke, kāore he aho mānu, ā, he aho tonu.
2, te tuhi rārangi, te hanga tohu kāore e taea te whakamahi i te paura tae, kāore e taea te tuhi i ngā tohu kaipuke katoa ki te pene, ki te pene pōro rānei.
3, kāore e taea te rerekē te tae o te mata, te kakahu, te paru, te whāriki, te kanohi ngira kāore e taea te whakaora, me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
4, whakairo rorohiko, tohu hokohoko, pute, uhi putea, koropiko ringaringa, miro, kanohi heihei, whakapiri Velcro, me ētahi atu, kia tika te tūnga, kia kore e taea te whakaatu i te kōhao tūnga.
5, he mārama ngā whakaritenga whakairo rorohiko, he mārama te tapahi miro, he ma te kuti o te arai whakamuri o te pepa, he mārama ngā whakaritenga tā, he mātotoru te raro, kāore e kore e piri.
6, mēnā he whakaritenga mō te tākaro jujube ngā kokonga putea katoa me te taupoki putea, me tika, me tika hoki te tūranga tākaro jujube.
7, kaua te reti e ngaru, me te kore e araia te kume ki runga, ki raro hoki.
8, ki te mārama te tae o te kakahu, ka mārama, me whakapai te taha o roto o te tuitui kia pai ai te horoi i te miro, ki te tika, tāpirihia he pepa arai hei ārai i te tae mārama.
9, ina he kakahu whatu te kakahu, whakatakotoria te tere whakaheke o te 2 cm.
10, kia tuwhera katoa ngā pito e rua o te taura, kia 10 cm te whānui o ngā pito e rua o te wāhanga e kitea ana. Ki te papatahi te taura, kia papatahi te taura, kaua e nui rawa te whakaatu.
11, he tika ngā kanohi heihei, ngā whao me ētahi atu, kaua e whakarerekē i te āhua, kia pakari, kaua e wetekina, ina koa he onge te momo papanga, kia tirohia anōtia i te wā kotahi.
12, he tika te tūnga o te whitiki, he pai te ngāwari, kāore he whakarerekētanga, kāore e taea te huri.
13, me whakakaha ngā koropiko katoa, ngā koropiko whitiki me ētahi atu koropiko taumaha mā te werohanga ngira.
14, rīpene nairona katoa, taura raranga tapahia ki te whakamahi i te waha hiahia, i te waha wera rānei, ki te kore ka marara, ka kumea atu te āhuatanga (ina koa te kakau).
15, he kakahu pute koti, he kēkē, he poroporo ātete hau, he waha waewae ātete hau hei whakatika.
Wā tuku: Mei-25-2024
