Ngā raruraru noa e pā ana ki ngā kākahu rinena

I raro i te karu hikohiko, he rite te āhua o te muka harakeke ki te pāpaka tuwhera, he nui te horahanga o te mata o tēnei hanganga tuwhera o te muka harakeke, nō reira he kaha te āhua waiora me te waiora o te muka harakeke. Ka taea e te harakeke te mimiti i te wai tae atu ki te 20 ngā wā o tōna taumaha ake, ka taea e te harakeke te mimiti i te 20% o tōna taumaha ake o te wai, ā, ka mau tonu te āhua maroke.

Nā te kaha o te waikura me te hihiko o te rinena, ka puta he āhua totoro i te wā e mau ana i ngā kākahu rinena, i ngā whāriki moe rānei i te raumati ina pā ki te kiri, ā, ka tere te mimiti o te werawera me te kohu wai e ngā muka rinena, ka rongo te tinana i te hekenga o te pāmahana, ka noho maroke te kiri. Koia te take e mātao ai te harakeke.

2. He aha i kore ai he hiko pateko o te rinena?
Kāore rawa he hiko pao o te muka harakeke, te hāmi, te harakeke me ētahi atu muka hāmi. Ko te makuku noa o te harakeke (e taea te mārama noa ko te nui o te wai i roto i ngā muka harakeke) he 12%, he teitei ake i roto i ngā muka tipu tūturu. Nā te hanganga tuwhera o te harakeke, he kaha tōna āhuatanga waikore, nō reira kāore te taurite utu pai me te utu kino o te muka harakeke e whakaputa hiko pao.

Ko te painga o te kore e whakaputa hiko pateko, kāore e piri ngā kākahu rinena nā te hiko pateko, ā, ehara i te mea ngāwari te mimiti i te puehu me ētahi atu moroiti i roto i te oranga o ia rā. Nō reira, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā kākahu, he papanga pai rawa atu te rinena hei kakahu kāinga, ahakoa he moenga, he ārai, he uhi sofa rānei, ka taea te pupuri i te ma mō te wā roa, ā, ka whakaiti i te auau o te horoinga. I roto i ngā papanga noa, ko te mea nui ko te whakauru i te 10% o te rinena, ka taea te aukati i te hiko pateko.

3. He aha i pai ai te rinena hei tiaki i ngā hihi UV?
(1) Muka harakeke, kei roto ko te hemicellulose e mimiti ana i te hihi UV.

(2) He kanapa tūturu te mata o te muka harakeke, ā, ka taea e ia te whakaata i ētahi māramatanga.

E hiahiatia ana te cellulose i roto i ngā muka tipu mō te umanga kakahu. He rerekē te harakeke i te miro, he hua rākau, ā, ko te cellulose te wāhanga matua, he iti noa iho ngā poke.

Ko te muka harakeke ia, he muka kiripaka nō te kakau harakeke. Mā te tukatuka maha, ka taea te whiwhi muka harakeke he wāhanga iti noa iho. Ka taea e te heketea (100 eka) o te whenua te whakaputa i te 6,000 kirokaramu o ngā rauemi mata harakeke, ā, i muri i te patupatu i te heru, ka taea te whakaputa i te 500 kirokaramu hei harakeke poto, 300 kirokaramu hei harakeke poto, me te muka harakeke roa hei 600 kirokaramu.

I roto i te muka harakeke, ko te nui o te cellulose he 70 ki te 80% noa iho, ā, ko te nui o te kāpia (linolenin symbiosis) e toe ana ko:

(1) Hemicellulose: 8%~11%
(2) Rikinini: 0.8%~7%
(3) Waro ngako: 2%~4%
(4) Pectin: 0.4%~4.5%
(5) Ngā matū hauota: 0.4%~0.7%
(6) Te nui o te pungarehu: 0.5%~ 3%

Ina hoki, he maha ngā āhuatanga o te muka harakeke, pērā i te pakari o te kiri, te tiaki i te hihi UV, me te ngaro o te makawe, nā ēnei matūriki i hua mai.

Ko te muka harakeke, kei roto ko te 8% ~ 11% hemicellulose, he tino uaua ēnei wāhanga hemicellulose, he mea tito mai i te xylose, te mannose, te galactose, te arabinose, te rhamnoose me ētahi atu copolymers, kāore e taea te tango katoa i te tukanga. Heoi anō, ko te noho mai o te hemicellulose te mea e pai ai te tiaki i te harakeke mai i te UV.

4. He aha i ahua taratara ai ētahi harakeke, he ahua kōkō, ā, he uaua ki te tae?
Nā te mea kei roto i te harakeke te lignin. Ko te lignin tētahi o ngā wāhanga o te pakitara pūtau o te harakeke, e noho nui ana i roto i ngā kiko xylem me te phloem o te kakau harakeke, ā, he mahi tautoko hoki i roto i te harakeke. Ko te kaha ki te tu atu ki ētahi pānga ā-pūkaha.

Kāore e taea te tango katoa i te lignin i roto i te muka harakeke i muri i te tukatuka, ko te ihirangi lignin he tata ki te 2.5% ~ 5% i muri i te tango kapia, ā, ko te ihirangi lignin he tata ki te 2.88% i muri i te tukatuka hei miro harakeke mata, ā, ko te iti rawa o te harakeke pai kounga teitei ka taea te whakahaere i roto i te 1%.

Ko te harakeke lignin, hemicellulose, i roto i te poto, hei tāpiri atu ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te cellulose, e kiia ana ko te kapia. Haunga te kapia lignin, ka pā anō hoki ngā muka harakeke ki te ahua o te harakeke.

Nā te noho mai o te lignin me te kāpia, nō reira he taratara, he pakarukaru, he kaha te āhua o te harakeke, he ngoikore te ngāwari, ā, he mākūkū hoki.

Nā te mea hoki kei roto i te kāpia, he teitei te tioata o te muka harakeke, he piripono, he pumau te whakaritenga ngota, kāore e taea te whakangaro e ngā tāpiringa tae, nō reira kāore e ngāwari te tae i te muka harakeke, ā, he ngoikore te pumau o te tae i muri i te tae. Koia te take he maha ngā rinena e hangaia ana ki te rinena.

Ki te hiahia koe ki te hangarinenaHe pai ake te tae, i tētahi taha he pai te tango i te kapia, ā, i muri i ngā tangohanga e rua ka pai ake te tae i te rinena pai. Kātahi ka whakamahia he houra tunutunu kukū, ka whakangaro i te tioata o te harakeke, ka piki ake te tioata o te harakeke māori ki te 70%, ā, i muri i te maimoatanga kawakore kukū ka whakaitihia ki te 50~60%, ka taea hoki te whakapai ake i te pānga tae o te harakeke. I roto i te poto, ki te tūtaki koe ki ngā kākahu rinena kanapa, me hoko he mea utu nui, he kounga teitei, ā, kāore e iti te utu.

5. He aha i ngawari ai te miro o te rinena?
(1) Kāore te muka he pakari pai e ngāwari ki te whakapēke, ki te miro rānei. Ko ngā muka kararehe, pērā i te miro, te muka Modal me te huruhuru hipi, he hanganga muka miro, ā, he pakari anō hoki ki te whakapēke.

(2) He nui te āputa o ngā papanga whatu, ā, he kaha te ātete ki te whakarerekētanga.